The interconnection of transmission, distribution, and generation lines has established a structure for the power system that is intricate. Uncertainties in the active power flow are caused by changes in load and a growing dependence on renewable energy sources. The study presented in this paper employs several controlling strategies to reduce frequency variations in series-compensated two-area power systems. Future power systems will require the incorporation of flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices, since the necessity for compensation in the power system is unavoidable. Therefore, a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) is installed in both areas of our study to make it realistic and futuristic. This makes it easier to comprehend how series compensation works in a load–frequency model. With the integration of electrical vehicles (EVs) and solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, several control strategies are presented to reduce the frequency oscillations in this power system. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to obtain the best PI control. To improve results, this work also covers the design of fuzzy logic control. In addition, the adoption of neural network control architecture is proposed for even better outcomes. The outcomes clearly show how well the proposed control techniques succeeded.

The phenomenon of subsynchronous resonance (SSR) is important to understand the operation and stability of the power system. The system becomes vulnerable to SSR oscillations due to series compensation that is unavoidable as it enhances transmission capability. So different alleviation measure is necessary, and this paper presents a novel control with the implementation of fuzzy logic control (FLC) and active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) for the abatement of SSR using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). This control can compensate for reactive power as well as alleviate SSR oscillations. Both the proposed controllers have the inherent capability to overcome the limitation of proportional and integral (PI) in a non-linear framework. In the proposed control, the use of a phase-locked loop is eliminated, thus providing a faster response. Thus, the proposed algorithm highly enhances the capability of STATCOM in controlling the level of series compensation, which results in a substantial reduction of the SSR oscillations. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, an IEEE second benchmark model is simulated. Furthermore, the dynamics of SSR are put forth through various analyses, such as, eigenvalue analysis, frequency scan, fast Fourier analysis, and time-domain analysis, which helps to better understand the problem of SSR.

Increasing prominence of series compensation into the power system has evidently enhanced the rise of subsynchronous resonance (SSR). Alleviation of SSR with two novel control designs for static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is proposed in this paper. Since it is quite challenging to optimize proportional and integral (PI) controllers in a nonlinear framework, hence a nonlinear active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC)-based strategies are proposed. First control design is template-based ADRC (TADRC), and the second control design is synchronous ADRC (SADRC). To validate the effectiveness of control schemes, an IEEE second benchmark model is used. Furthermore, different analyses are demonstrated to study the phenomenon of SSR. Firstly, the state space model-based design is provided for eigenvalue analysis. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis is also carried out to show the dominant mode of oscillations along with the frequency scan at various levels of compensation. Finally, trends in generator speed and other parameters are shown in the time domain analysis of the system. The analyses and measures to alleviate the oscillations proposed in this paper are eminently cogent.

Subsynchronous resonance (SSR) is a menace in the electrical power system in which disturbances are exchanged between electrical and mechanical systems. This paper aims to examine the neural network (NN) controller incorporated in a modified unit template algorithm to alleviate SSR using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). To understand the problem of SSR, time domain analysis and frequency scan are presented. A single machine infinite bus system is studied and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink to substantiate the efficacy and robustness of the proposed control strategy. The deviation in generator rotor speed is as high as 10.8% due to SSR oscillations, which increases mechanical stress, causing heavy damage to the mechanical shaft system. The STATCOM equipped with the proportional and integral (PI) controller in the proposed strategy reduces the deviation to 0.19% and further to 0.006% with the annexation of the NN controller.

Subsynchronous resonance (SSR) is an undesirable phenomenon in series compensated power system which tries to menace the stability of both electrical and mechanical system. This paper researches the effect of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) for mitigation of SSR in a single machine infinite bus system. The mathematical modeling is presented in the form of linearized equations, which can be used for eigenvalue analysis of SSR. A novel control technique based on unit template algorithm is incorporated in STATCOM for alleviation of SSR and it proves to be ingenious in damping out all the oscillations. Furthermore, frequency scan and fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis are presented, that provide resonant frequencies at different levels of compensation and dominant modes of oscillations respectively. To examine and authenticate the efficacy of the proposed controller, the IEEE second benchmark model on SSR is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment and the results are analyzed to illustrate the potency of the proposed control strategy.

Subsynchronous resonance (SSR) is a drastic phenomenon in electrical power generation that is disastrous to both electrical and mechanical systems as the exchange of energy between the two systems take place. This paper proposes a novel control design based on unit templates and d-q (UTDQ) transformations for static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to alleviate SSR oscillations. The efficacy of the proposed control design is validated through time domain analysis of IEEE second benchmark model taken as test system. State space analysis of the the mechanical system is formed for eigenvalue analysis, that provide the different torsional modes and their corresponding frequencies. Frequency scan of electrical network is carried out at different compensation levels for obtaining the corresponding resonant frequencies. The level alleviation of SSR achieved with the proposed control design is 97.27 % which is highly compelling as compared to other studies in the literature.

Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) have been widely utilized as a part of later past for understanding different power system steady state control issues. Moreover, series compensation of transmission lines is being done utilizing capacitor banks with the goal that general power transfer capacity can be enhanced to guarantee stable task. Anyway, this offers ascend to sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) phenomenon under which there might be trade of energy amongst mechanical and electrical system at frequencies underneath the synchronous value, harming the shaft system of generator. This paper explores the impact of FACTS devices like Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) for mitigation of SSR in a single machine infinite bus system. Simulation studies have been done (i) without any FACTS devices and (ii) with FACTS devices. These investigations have demonstrated that SSR in the system can be mitigated, as it were, by utilizing STATCOM with sinusoidal pulse with modulation (SPWM). Further, mitigation of SSR is achieved by outfitting STATCOM with controller for better outcomes.

This paper presents the study of a very severe problem occurring in power systems, i.e. Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR). In today's time when the electricity is the life on earth and the quality of power provided has been the key point of focus, this study gives a way of improving this power quality. When the transfer of power is done from one place to another through long transmission line, there is a need for series compensators. These series compensators under certain conditions give rise a resonant currents causing a phenomenon called SSR. In this study this problem is mitigated using UPFC in the transmission line. This UPFC is further equipped with Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) giving the better results. The comparative results are shown in the study to prove the effectiveness of designed control scheme.